Cronología de la vida de Theodore Roosevelt

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Nacimiento de Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt, el segundo de cuatro hermanos, nació en el número 28 de la calle 20 Este de Nueva York, hijo de Theodore Sr. "Thee" y Martha "Mittie" Bulloch Roosevelt. Nacido en el seno de una familia acomodada, Roosevelt creció en una familia bien establecida y respetada de Nueva York. De niño, luchaba contra el asma y su padre le animaba a "hacer su cuerpo" mediante un ejercicio vigoroso. La infancia de Roosevelt, llena de animales, libros y exploraciones, sentó las bases para el resto de su vida. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt publishes Summer Birds of the Adirondacks with Henry Davis Minot

Theodore Roosevelt, amante de los pájaros desde hacía mucho tiempo, visitó varias veces la zona de los lagos St. Regis en los Adirondacks, incluido un viaje con su amigo de la universidad, Henry Davis Minot. A finales de 1877, Roosevelt y Minot, de 19 años, compilaron una lista de 97 aves que habían visto en los Adirondacks con breves notas que describían cada ave. C. Hart Merriam, jefe del US Biological Survey, llegó a señalar en el boletín del Nuttall Ornithological Club de abril de 1878 que era "[c]on diferencia la mejor de estas listas recientes que he visto".”

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Muere el padre de Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt padre murió a los 46 años de un tumor gastrointestinal. Llevaba varios meses sufriendo, pero no comunicó a su hijo el alcance de sus dolores hasta casi el final de su vida. Roosevelt, estudiante del Harvard College, fue informado de la gravedad de la enfermedad de su padre y tomó un tren de Cambridge (Massachusetts) a Nueva York, pero no pudo estar al lado de su padre cuando murió por unas horas. Roosevelt tenía 19 años cuando murió su padre. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt marries Alice Hathaway Lee

Theodore Roosevelt quedó rápidamente cautivado por Alice Hathaway Lee, conocida como "Sunshine", tras conocerla cuando él era un estudiante de 19 años del Harvard College. Alice rechazó inicialmente la propuesta de matrimonio de Roosevelt, pero la aceptó en enero de 1880. La pareja se casó en la First Parish Unitarian Church de Brookline, Massachusetts, el día en que Roosevelt cumplía veintidós años. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt is elected to the New York State Assembly

Poco después de cumplir veintitrés años, Theodore Roosevelt inició su carrera política como miembro de la Asamblea del Estado de Nueva York, cargo que ocupó de 1882 a 1884. Durante su estancia en la Asamblea, se hizo rápidamente un nombre como enérgico reformista, luchando contra la corrupción y abogando por la reforma y la transparencia del gobierno. Sus esfuerzos por combatir la poderosa maquinaria política de Tammany Hall y por mejorar las leyes laborales marcaron su temprano compromiso con el servicio público y la reforma. El mandato de Roosevelt en la legislatura estatal sentó las bases de sus futuros esfuerzos políticos, mostrando su dedicación a la justicia y la integridad en los cargos públicos. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt travels to North Dakota to hunt bison and purchases his first Badlands ranch

Cuando Theodore Roosevelt tenía 24 años, se dirigió a las Badlands de Dakota del Norte para cazar bisontes, llegando a Medora el 8 de septiembre de 1883. Le preocupaba su capacidad para matar un bisonte durante el viaje, como escribió a su esposa Alice el 14 de septiembre: "Llevo fuera casi una semana, y aunque es un buen territorio de caza, por Dios, he tenido mi mala suerte habitual en la caza; no he matado nada, y me temo que la sala tendrá que ir sin cuernos, al menos durante este viaje". Roosevelt mató por fin su primer bisonte tras dos semanas de caza en Little Cannonball Creek. Antes de partir, también invirtió en la industria ganadera y compró el rancho Maltese Cross. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt’s daughter Alice is born

Durante la tarde del 12 de febrero de 1884, la esposa de Theodore Roosevelt, Alice, dio a luz a una niña de casi tres kilos llamada Alice Lee Roosevelt. Desgraciadamente, la esposa de Roosevelt padecía la enfermedad de Bright y falleció dos días después, a las 2 de la tarde del 14 de febrero de 1884, con Roosevelt a su lado. Alice fue enterrada el 16 de febrero, y su hija Alice fue bautizada al día siguiente del funeral. Roosevelt tenía 25 años cuando nació su hija. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt’s mother Mittie and his wife Alice die on the same day

Apenas dos días después del nacimiento de su hija Alice, la madre de Theodore Roosevelt, Mittie, y su esposa Alice murieron el mismo día, el 14 de febrero de 1884. Mittie murió de fiebre tifoidea a las tres de la mañana y Alice de la enfermedad de Bright por la tarde. Ambas fueron enterradas el 16 de febrero de 1884. Roosevelt marcó famosamente una X en su diario de bolsillo con las palabras: "La luz se ha apagado de mi vida". Roosevelt sólo tenía 25 años.”

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Theodore Roosevelt serves as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Chicago

Just a few months after the death of his mother and his wife, 25-year-old Theodore Roosevelt served as a delegate-at-large from New York at the Republican National Convention in Chicago in 1884. Roosevelt and Massachusetts delegate Henry Cabot Lodge fought against the party’s choice, James G. Blaine, even though Blaine eventually secured the nomination. One noteworthy component of the convention was that Lodge and Roosevelt supported John R. Lynch, a Black delegate from Mississippi and former enslaved man, to serve as the temporary chairman. He was the first African American to chair a political party’s national convention.”

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Theodore Roosevelt marries Edith Kermit Carow

Theodore Roosevelt y Edith Kermit Carow eran amigos desde muy jóvenes. Algunos llegaron a pensar que ambos se casarían, basándose en sus largas cartas y su profunda amistad. Después de estudiar en Harvard, Roosevelt quedó prendado de Alice Hathaway Lee, con quien se casó más tarde. Cuando Alice murió en 1884, Roosevelt no pensaba volver a casarse. Sin embargo, reavivó su amistad con Edith tras verla en casa de su hermana Anna. Ambos se comprometieron el 17 de noviembre de 1885 y se casaron poco más de un año después, el 2 de diciembre de 1886, poco después del vigésimo octavo cumpleaños de Roosevelt. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt’s son Theodore Jr. “Ted” is born

El primer hijo de Theodore y Edith Roosevelt, Theodore Jr. "Ted", nació en la casa familiar de Sagamore Hill en Oyster Bay, Nueva York. Como Roosevelt se refirió a él en una carta a su hermana Corinne una semana después del nacimiento de Ted como "el pequeño gracioso", mientras que la hermana mayor Alice comentó de él: "mi hermanito es un loro aullador". Roosevelt tenía 28 años cuando nació Ted, que pesaba dos kilos y medio al nacer.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is named Civil Service Commissioner by President Benjamin Harrison

Aconsejado por el representante de Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge, el presidente Benjamin Harrison nombró a Theodore Roosevelt, de treinta años, como uno de los tres comisionados de la Comisión de Servicio Civil. Roosevelt vio en este puesto su "primera oportunidad de hacer grandes cosas", y trató de luchar contra la corrupción en el gobierno. Como escribió en una carta a Lodge: "Estoy perfectamente dispuesto a que me echen -o a que me echen por ley-, pero mientras esté en el cargo hablaré en serio". Roosevelt fue comisionado de la administración pública de 1889 a 1895, cuatro años con Harrison y dos con el presidente Grover Cleveland. ”

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Theodore Roosevelt’s son Kermit is born

Just a few weeks before Theodore Roosevelt’s thirty-first birthday, his son Kermit was born after a less than two-hour labor. As Roosevelt noted in a letter to his mother-in-law Gertrude Tyler Carow, “Kermit is perfectly shaped, and seems very healthy; he is a little smaller than Ted was.” Older brother Ted was delighted with Kermit, calling him “little brother in a blanket.””

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Theodore Roosevelt’s daughter Ethel is born

Cuando Theodore Roosevelt tenía 32 años, Edith y él dieron la bienvenida a "otra hijita" llamada Ethel. Nacida en Oyster Bay, Nueva York, Ethel fue la única hija en común de Theodore y Edith.”

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Theodore Roosevelt’s son Archibald is born

Como escribió Theodore Roosevelt, de 35 años, en una carta a su suegra Gertrude Tyler Carow, Archibald nació "a la una menos veinticinco de esta mañana, tras el parto más corto y fácil que Edith haya tenido jamás." Edith y Theodore llamaron a su hijo Archibald Bulloch "en honor a su tatarabuelo el primer Gobernador Revolucionario de Georgia". Todos los niños estaban encantados con su nuevo hermano, especialmente Alice y Ted.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in as a New York City Police Commissioner

El 6 de mayo de 1895, Theodore Roosevelt, de 36 años, se convirtió en Comisario de Policía y Presidente de la Junta de Nueva York. Como había hecho en otros cargos, Roosevelt trató de luchar contra la corrupción. En una carta a su hermana Anna Roosevelt Cowles señalaba: "Nunca he trabajado más duro que durante las dos últimas semanas", observando que tenía "el departamento más importante y más corrupto de Nueva York en mis manos". Durante sus dos años de servicio, Roosevelt se ganó la reputación de reformador, una descripción que mantendría durante el resto de su carrera política.”

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Theodore Roosevelt assumes office as Assistant Secretary of the Navy

In April 1897, Theodore Roosevelt, who was 38 years old at the time, was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy by President William McKinley. In a letter to his sister Anna Roosevelt Cowles, Roosevelt attributed the appointment to Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge whose “untiring energy and devotion which put me in . . .” It also helped that Secretary of the Navy John Davis Long “really wanted me,” in Roosevelt’s words. Roosevelt held this position for just over a year until May 1898.”

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Theodore Roosevelt’s son Quentin is born

Unas semanas después de su trigésimo noveno cumpleaños, Theodore Roosevelt y Edith dieron la bienvenida a su último hijo, Quentin Roosevelt. Nacido a las 7:30 de la mañana, Quentin llegó "muy inesperadamente", como menciona Roosevelt en una carta a su hermana, Anna Roosevelt Cowles, y "¡acaba de llegar el Doctor y la Enfermera a tiempo!".”

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Theodore Roosevelt is appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the First US Volunteer Calvary “Rough Riders”

Tras el hundimiento del USS Maine El 15 de febrero de 1898, Estados Unidos declaró la guerra a España. Theodore Roosevelt, de 39 años, estaba ansioso por unirse a la lucha. El 25 de abril de 1898, el Presidente William McKinley le nombró Teniente Coronel del Primer Calvario de Voluntarios de EE.UU., que pasó a conocerse como los Rough Riders (Jinetes Rudos). El uniforme oficial de la unidad consistía en un gorro, camisa de franela azul, pantalones y polainas marrones y pañuelos de lunares. En total, había 1.060 Rough Riders.”

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Battle of San Juan Heights and Theodore Roosevelt’s charge up Kettle Hill

El 1 de julio de 1898, Theodore Roosevelt, de 39 años, y los Rough Riders recibieron la orden de avanzar hacia el río San Juan, que finalmente vadearon. Los Rough Riders recibieron la orden de apoyar a los regulares del ejército estadounidense que atacaban la cercana colina de San Juan. Montado en su caballo Texas, Roosevelt avanzó por Kettle Hill con otros Rough Riders y tropas del Noveno de Infantería, penetrando en la línea española. Ochenta y nueve Rough Riders perdieron la vida en la lucha por hacerse con el control de San Juan y Kettle Hills.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is elected governor of New York

Cuando Theodore Roosevelt regresó de la guerra hispano-estadounidense, era un héroe de guerra y fue propuesto como candidato a la gobernación de Nueva York. Durante su campaña, Roosevelt recorrió todo el estado hablando en todos los pueblos y paradas. Roosevelt, que ya tenía 40 años, ganó la gobernación por un estrecho margen. En sus dos años como gobernador, Roosevelt promulgó casi 1.000 leyes, algunas de las cuales mejoraban las condiciones de trabajo en las fábricas y los horarios laborales, especialmente para mujeres y niños. Se granjeó la ira del jefe del Partido Republicano del estado, Thomas C. Platt, que le había ayudado a ganar las elecciones, porque Roosevelt no concedía empleos de patrocinio.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is elected vice president of the United States

Theodore Roosevelt’s refusal to cooperate with the state’s Republican Party boss, Thomas C. Platt, prompted Platt to propose Roosevelt as a vice presidential candidate on the ticket with President William McKinley. The duo swept the election, and 42-year-old Roosevelt believed it meant his political death. Roosevelt’s premonitions were wrong. Six months after the inauguration, McKinley was assassinated at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, and Roosevelt assumed the office.”

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Theodore Roosevelt becomes the twenty-sixth president

Less than a year after the 1900 election, President William McKinley was assassinated at the Pan-American Exposition. Forty-two-year-old Roosevelt, who was hiking Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks at the time, was summoned to Buffalo, New York. He was sworn in as the twenty-sixth president of the United States—the youngest president in American history.”

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Theodore Roosevelt dines with Booker T. Washington

Just a few weeks after becoming president and less than 10 days before his forty-third birthday, Theodore Roosevelt invited well-known African American Booker T. Washington to the White House for a formal dinner. It was the first time a Black American had been invited to a formal dinner at the White House. The response after the event was largely negative, particularly from people in the South who condemned Roosevelt for entertaining a Black man. While Roosevelt continued to correspond with Washington and other African Americans and meet with them during working hours throughout his presidency, he never invited Washington or another Black person to a formal dinner at the White House again.”

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Theodore Roosevelt helps facilitate an end to the Anthracite Coal Strike

On May 12, 1902, mine workers in eastern Pennsylvania began a strike after mine operators refused to meet with representatives of the union. The workers requested higher wages and a shorter work week. The strike dragged on into the fall. Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, a friend of then 43-year-old Theodore Roosevelt, encouraged Roosevelt to address the strike before elections in November. In October 1902, Roosevelt met with mine operators and union leaders and formed a commission to investigate the strike. The mine operators agreed to abide the findings of the commission, and the union voted to end the strike on October 20, 1902.”

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Theodore Roosevelt establishes Pelican Island as a bird refuge

In the late 1800s, many waterfowl like brown pelicans, snowy egrets, and roseate spoonbills were being hunted for their feathers to use in ladies’ hats and gentlemen’s salmon flies. Two bird protection advocates Frank H. Chapman and William Dutcher visited Theodore Roosevelt, then 44 years old, to persuade him to protect Pelican Island, the last brown pelican rookery on Florida’s east coast. On March 14, 1903, Roosevelt did just that, signing an executive order to establish Pelican Island as a federal bird reservation, the first national wildlife refuge.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is elected president in his own right

In 1904, Theodore Roosevelt ran for president in his own right, selecting Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana as his running mate. Just a few weeks after his forty-sixth birthday, Roosevelt won a landslide victory, carrying every Northern and Western state. He was the first Republican to carry the state of Missouri since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868. Roosevelt won the election with 56.4 percent of the popular vote—the largest recorded between James Monroe’s uncontested reelection in 1820 and the election of Warren G. Harding in 1920.”

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The US Forest Service is established

Although offices relating to forests had existed in the federal government prior to the establishment of a dedicated agency to managed forest reserves, the Transfer Act of 1905 officially created the US Forest Service under the Department of Agriculture. Theodore Roosevelt, then 46 years old, made Gifford Pinchot the first US Chief Forester. Throughout his presidency, Roosevelt was dedicated to the health and wellbeing of forests, establishing 150 national forests.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is the first president to ride in a submarine

Theodore Roosevelt never shied away from adventure. When given the opportunity on August 25, 1905, to ride in the USS Plunger submarine, 46-year-old Roosevelt jumped at the chance. Although the bay near Sagamore Hill was covered with whitecaps and it was raining heavily, Roosevelt joined the seven-man crew of the Plunger in the sixty-foot-long vessel. At one point during the nearly three-hour trip, Lieutenant Nelson, the commander of the submarine, turned off the lights when they were 30 feet below to the surface to demonstrate how it could be operated in complete darkness.

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Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act, the first US law to provide general protection of cultural and natural resources

In the late 1800s, desecration and destruction of Indigenous artifacts, particularly in the Southwest, had started to become a serious problem. Several US representatives and senators worked to establish legislation that would protect these sites, resulting in the Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities—known as the Antiquities Act. On June 8, 1906, 47-year-old President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill into law, which gave the president the authority to establish national monuments. Throughout the last few years of his presidency, Roosevelt established 18 national monuments.”

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Theodore Roosevelt signs the Pure Food and Drug Act, known as Dr. Wiley’s Law

As families moved away from farms and to cities in the late 1800s, the quality of food began to decrease with egregious examples like using formaldehyde to preserve food. In February 1906, Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, which detailed the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry. Aided by Dr. Harvey Washington Wiley, the Chief Chemist of the Bureau of Chemistry at the Department of Agriculture, 47-year-old President Theodore Roosevelt urged Congress to pass a pure food bill. On June 30, 1906, Roosevelt signed the Pure Food and Drug Act into law.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is the first president to travel outside the United States during his presidency, visiting the Panama Canal Zone

On November 9, 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt left the United States for a 17-day trip to Panama and Puerto Rico. He had just celebrated his forty-eighth birthday. Arriving in Panama on November 14, Roosevelt became the first president in office to travel to a foreign country. When he visited the construction site for the Panama Canal, he rode in a large steam shovel on November 16, 1906, a moment captured by a well-known photograph.”

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Theodore Roosevelt is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the Russo-Japanese War

From 1904 to 1905, the Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan. Due in part to efforts of President Theodore Roosevelt, Russian and Japanese leaders agreed to meet in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to negotiate an end to the war, resulting in the Treaty of Portsmouth signed on September 5, 1905. Just over a year later, 48-year-old Roosevelt became the first American to win the Nobel Peace Prize, announced on December 10, 1906. Roosevelt was not able to collect the prize himself and sent US Ambassador to Norway, Herbert H. D. Peirce, to accept on his behalf. A few years later in 1910, Roosevelt delivered his acceptance speech in Oslo, Norway. He did not keep the prize money.”

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Theodore Roosevelt shakes 8,513 hands, setting a Guinness world record

On New Year’s Day 1907, 48-year-old President Theodore Roosevelt shook the hands of 8,513 people at a White House reception. He had a way of pulling people forward as he shook their hands, which allowed him to shake hands more quickly.”

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Theodore Roosevelt sends the Great White Fleet around the world

On December 16, 1907, sixteen new battleships that were part of the Atlantic Fleet departed from Hampton Roads, Virginia, to begin a 14-month circumnavigation of the globe. Later known as President Theodore Roosevelt’s “Great White Fleet” due to their white paint, the ships traveled around the world until February 22, 1909—just a few weeks before Roosevelt left office—demonstrating American sea power. Fourteen thousand sailors served on the ships, and the total voyage covered 43,000 miles.”

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Theodore Roosevelt hosts the first National Governors Conference to discuss natural resources

In 1908, 49-year-old President Theodore Roosevelt invited governors and political officials across the country to a three-day conference on the conservation of the natural resources in the United States held at the White House from May 13-15, 1908. This meeting was the first annual governors’ conference, which is now sponsored by the National Governors Association. Roosevelt delivered the opening address entitled “Conservation as a National Duty.” A month later in June, Roosevelt appointed the National Conservation Commission, a direct impact of the conference.”

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Theodore Roosevelt departs on a trip to Africa with his son Kermit

Shortly after he left the office of president, Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a lengthy expedition on the continent of Africa on March 23, 1909, with a party that included his son, Kermit Roosevelt. The elder Roosevelt was 50 years old. The expedition spent almost a full year in British East Africa, the Belgian Congo, and Sudan and collected thousands of natural specimens for the Smithsonian Institution. Roosevelt also wrote about his experiences in monthly articles from Scribner’s Magazine that later became a book, Rutas de caza en África.”

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Theodore Roosevelt delivers the “Man in the Arena” speech

After the conclusion of his trip to Africa, 51-year-old Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a tour of Europe, which included visits to Budapest, Oslo, and Vienna. His most famous speech was given at the Sorbonne in Paris, France, on April 23, 1910. Entitled “Citizenship in a Republic,” it is more popularly known as the “Man in the Arena” speech from its most famous line: “It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming . . .””

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Theodore Roosevelt is the first president to fly in an airplane near St. Louis

While campaigning in St. Louis, Missouri, for the Missouri State Republican Party, 51-year-old Theodore Roosevelt flew in a biplane with pilot Archibald Hoxsey. Roosevelt was the first president to fly in an airplane.”

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Theodore Roosevelt announces his intention to run for president in 1912, saying “my hat is in the ring”

After winning the 1904 presidential election, Theodore Roosevelt had declared he would not run again, promoting the presidency of his cabinet member, William Howard Taft during the 1908 election. When Roosevelt returned home from his African safari in 1910, he began to express his doubts about Taft’s presidency. By late 1911, Roosevelt wrote privately to friends that he would run again if the people wanted him. But it was not until a local politician in Cleveland, Ohio, named W. F. Eirick asked 53-year-old Roosevelt on February 21, 1912, if he planned to run again that Roosevelt made his candidacy official saying, “My hat is in the ring.””

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Theodore Roosevelt is shot while campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

As 53-year-old Theodore Roosevelt greeted the public before his scheduled campaign speech in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, John Schrank shot Roosevelt straight at his heart. Roosevelt’s thick manuscript for his speech and his glasses case helped slow the force of the .32-caliber bullet. Roosevelt, realizing that he was not in mortal danger, gave his speech as planned, saying at the beginning of his remarks after displaying the manuscript nicked by the bullet, “I do not know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot, but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.” Roosevelt spoke for 50 minutes before heading to the hospital.”

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Theodore Roosevelt loses the presidential election to Woodrow Wilson

Just shortly after his fifty-fourth birthday, Theodore Roosevelt lost the 1912 presidential election to Woodrow Wilson, who won 40 states, 435 electoral votes, and 41.8 percent of the popular vote. Roosevelt finished second with six states, 88 electoral votes, and 27 percent of the vote, making him the most successful third-party candidate in American history.”

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Theodore Roosevelt explores the River of Doubt in Brazilian Amazon with Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon during the Roosevelt-Rondon Scientific Expedition

After his failed run for a third presidential term, Theodore Roosevelt received an offer in February 1913 for a speaking tour in South America. He decided to combine this tour with a boat trip into sparsely populated areas in the Brazilian rainforest via well-known and navigable rivers. After arriving in Brazil, however, a Brazilian military officer suggested descending an unknown river: Rio da Dúvida, the River of Doubt. Together Roosevelt, his Brazilian counterpart expedition leader, Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, and twenty other men on the expedition, including Roosevelt’s son Kermit, pushed off just past noon on February 27, 1914. Roosevelt was 55 years old.”

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Quentin Roosevelt is killed during the First World War

After the United States entered World War I, Quentin Roosevelt joined his three brothers in the military, dropping out of Harvard College to join the US Army Air Service. Quentin had been in combat for only nine days when he was shot down in his Nieuport 28 on Bastille Day—July 14, 1918—near Chamery, France. For several days after Quentin’s death, the Roosevelt family only knew that he had been reported missing. After learning of his death, 59-year-old Theodore Roosevelt wrote a letter to General P. C. March indicating the wish of the family for Quentin’s body to remain in France saying, “Where the tree falls, there let it lie.””

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Theodore Roosevelt dies in his sleep at 4:15 a.m. at Sagamore Hill

Three weeks before his death, 60-year-old Theodore Roosevelt had suffered from a pulmonary embolism and was treated at Roosevelt Hospital. After what doctors believed was a thorough recovery, he was sent home to spend Christmas with his family. The day before his death, Roosevelt was dictating letters, working on editorial articles for the Kansas City Star, and authoring an article for Metropolitan Magazine. The last thing he did before going to sleep was write a long letter to his son Ted, enclosing proofs of his article for Metropolitan. Roosevelt’s last words were addressed to his butler, James Amos, “Please put out that light, James.” Roosevelt’s wife Edith checked on him at 2:00 a.m. on January 6, and everything seemed fine. However, Amos noticed a difference in Roosevelt’s breathing around 4:00 a.m. and summoned a nurse and a doctor. Roosevelt was pronounced dead by 4:15 a.m. with the immediate cause of death stated as a blood clot.”